11.7 Summary

    graph LR;
	    A[Corporation]
	    A -->|Owned by| B[Shareholders]
	    A -->|Separate Legal Entity| C[Taxed Independently]
	    C -->|Funds Raised Through| D[Debt or Equity]

    graph LR;
	    FSP[Statement of Financial Position] -->|Shows| Assets[Assets #40;Owned#41;]
	    FSP -->|Shows| Liabilities[Liabilities #40;Owed#41;]
	    FSP -->|Shows| Equity[Equity #40;Owner's Claim#41;]
	    SCI[Statement of Comprehensive Income] -->|Details| Revenue[Revenue from Sales]
	    SCI -->|Details| Expenses[Incurred Expenses]
	    SCI -->|Results in| Profit[Net Profit]
	    SCE[Statement of Changes in Equity] -->|Records| Retained[Retained Profits]
	    SCF[Statement of Cash Flows] -->|Shows| CashGen[Cash Generation]
	    SCF -->|Shows| CashExp[Cash Expenditure]

    graph TD;
	   IR[Investor Rights] --> WD[Right of Withdrawal]
	   IR --> RE[Right of Rescission]
	   IR --> LA[Right to Legal Action]
	   TB[Takeover Bid] -->|Offer to Purchase| V20[>20% Voting Securities]
	   TB -->|Must Comply| Legislation[Provincial Legislation]
	   IT[Insider Trading] -->|Subject to Regulation| Reporting[Reporting and Disclosure]

## What are the primary differences between the owners of a corporation and those of a sole proprietorship or partnership? - [ ] Owners of a corporation are personally liable for debts - [ ] Owners of a corporation pay taxes personally on company earnings - [x] Owners of a corporation are not personally liable for debts, losses, or obligations - [ ] Owners of a corporation have unlimited liability > **Explanation:** The owners of a corporation, referred to as shareholders, are not personally liable for the debts, losses, or obligations arising from the corporation's business activities. This contrasts with a sole proprietorship or partnership where the owners are personally liable. ## How can a corporation raise funds? - [ ] By issuing equity only - [ ] By issuing debt only - [x] By issuing debt or equity - [ ] By receiving government grants > **Explanation:** Corporations have the ability to raise funds by either issuing debt (such as bonds) or equity (such as shares). ## What does the statement of financial position show? - [ ] A company’s net income over a certain period - [ ] A company’s cash flows - [ ] A company’s changes in equity - [x] A snapshot of a company’s operations at a specific date > **Explanation:** The statement of financial position (also known as the balance sheet) presents a snapshot of a company’s assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific date. ## What information does the statement of comprehensive income provide? - [ ] How a company financed its activities - [ ] A snapshot of the company’s assets and liabilities - [ ] The changes in equity over time - [x] The company’s revenues, expenses, and profitability > **Explanation:** The statement of comprehensive income shows a company's profitability, detailing the revenues received, the expenses incurred, and the profit for the company over a specific period. ## What is the purpose of the statement of changes in equity? - [ ] To present a snapshot of the company’s assets and liabilities - [ ] To show the company’s cash flows - [x] To record the profits kept in the business and link with other financial statements - [ ] To provide a detailed breakdown of income sources > **Explanation:** The statement of changes in equity records the changes in equity over a period, including retained earnings, and provides a direct link to the statement of comprehensive income and the statement of financial position. ## What is detailed in the statement of cash flows? - [ ] The company’s revenue and expenses - [ ] The assets and liabilities - [ ] The company’s financing structure - [x] How the company generated and spent cash during the period > **Explanation:** The statement of cash flows details how a company generated and spent its cash during the period, including operating, financing, and investing activities, and reports the net change in the cash account over the period. ## What additional information is provided by the notes to the financial statements in a corporation’s annual report? - [ ] Only a summary of company history - [ ] Detailed marketing strategies - [x] Important details about the company’s financial condition not reported in the actual financial statements - [ ] Future merger plans > **Explanation:** The notes to the financial statements provide important details about the company’s financial condition that are not included in the main financial statements. ## What rights do investors in the securities of a public company have? - [ ] The right to low-interest loans from the company - [ ] The right to participate in management decisions - [x] The right of withdrawal, the right of rescission, and the right to take legal action for damages - [ ] The right to change the company name > **Explanation:** Investors in public company securities have three statutory rights: the right of withdrawal, the right of rescission, and the right to take legal action for damages. ## What constitutes a takeover bid? - [ ] A proposal to merge with another company - [x] An offer to purchase shares exceeding 20% of the outstanding voting securities of a company - [ ] Issuing new shares to the public - [ ] Buying a company's non-controlling interests > **Explanation:** A takeover bid is defined as an offer to purchase shares of the company that will exceed 20% of the outstanding voting securities. This must comply with provincial legislation unless exempted. ## What regulations apply to insider trading activity within a corporation? - [ ] No regulations apply - [x] Must comply with reporting and disclosure regulations - [ ] Insiders can only buy shares during certain months - [ ] Insiders must wait until financial statements are published to trade > **Explanation:** Any trading activity by insiders of a corporation is subject to regulations regarding timely reporting and disclosure to ensure transparency and prevent market manipulation.